Django Tutorial 05

1. 첫번째 Test 작성하기

1-1. 버그 식별하기

Terminal

python manage.py shell

# shell에 접속되고나서 실행
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
from polls.models import Question
future_question = Question(pub_date=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30))
future_question.was_published_recently()

해당 테스트는 미래의 날짜는 없기 때문에 False가 나와야하는데 True가 나왔으므로 False가 나오도록 수정해줍니다.

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1-2. 버그 발생시키기

polls/tests.py

import datetime

from django.test import TestCase
from django.utils import timezone

from .models import Question


class QuestionModelTests(TestCase):

    def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date
        is in the future.
        """
        time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
        future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)

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1-3. Test 실행

Terminal

python manage.py test polls

was_published_recently()가 False를 반환해야되는데 True를 반환해서 생기는 오류로 그렇지 않게 수정해야합니다.

---

1-4. 버그 수정

polls/models.py

def was_published_recently(self):
    now = timezone.now()
    return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date <= now

 

Terminal

python manage.py test polls

문제없이 Test를 마친 것을 확인할 수 있습니다.

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1-5. 좀더 포괄적인 Test

polls/tests.py

def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):
    """
    was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date
    is older than 1 day.
    """
    time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1, seconds=1)
    old_question = Question(pub_date=time)
    self.assertIs(old_question.was_published_recently(), False)

def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
    """
    was_published_recently() returns True for questions whose pub_date
    is within the last day.
    """
    time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=23, minutes=59, seconds=59)
    recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)
    self.assertIs(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True)

과거, 최근, 미래의 질문에 대해 올바른 값을 반환한다는 걸 확인하는 총 3가지의 포괄적인 Test를 가졌습니다.

---

2. View Test

2-1. Django Test Client

Terminal

python manage.py shell

from django.test.utils import setup_test_environment
setup_test_environment()
from django.test import Client
client = Client()
response = client.get('/')
response.status_code
from django.urls import reverse
response = client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
response.status_code
response.content
response.context['latest_question_list']

---

2-2. View 개선시키기

polls/views.py

#추가
from django.utils import timezone

# 해당 부분만 수정
def get_queryset(self):
    """
    Return the last five published questions (not including those set to be
    published in the future).
    """
    return Question.objects.filter(
        pub_date__lte=timezone.now()
    ).order_by('-pub_date')[:5]

Question.objects.filter (pub_date__lte = timezone.now ())는 timezone.now보다 pub_date가 작거나 같은 Question을 포함하는 queryset을 반환합니다.

---

2-3. 새로운 View Test

polls/tests.py

from django.urls import reverse

def create_question(question_text, days):
    """
    Create a question with the given `question_text` and published the
    given number of `days` offset to now (negative for questions published
    in the past, positive for questions that have yet to be published).
    """
    time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days)
    return Question.objects.create(question_text=question_text, pub_date=time)


class QuestionIndexViewTests(TestCase):
    def test_no_questions(self):
        """
        If no questions exist, an appropriate message is displayed.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])

    def test_past_question(self):
        """
        Questions with a pub_date in the past are displayed on the
        index page.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question.>']
        )

    def test_future_question(self):
        """
        Questions with a pub_date in the future aren't displayed on
        the index page.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])

    def test_future_question_and_past_question(self):
        """
        Even if both past and future questions exist, only past questions
        are displayed.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
        create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question.>']
        )

    def test_two_past_questions(self):
        """
        The questions index page may display multiple questions.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Past question 1.", days=-30)
        create_question(question_text="Past question 2.", days=-5)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question 2.>', '<Question: Past question 1.>']
        )

---

2-4. Detail View Test

polls/views.py

class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
    ...
    def get_queryset(self):
        """
        Excludes any questions that aren't published yet.
        """
        return Question.objects.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now())

 

polls/tests.py

class QuestionDetailViewTests(TestCase):
    def test_future_question(self):
        """
        The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the future
        returns a 404 not found.
        """
        future_question = create_question(question_text='Future question.', days=5)
        url = reverse('polls:detail', args=(future_question.id,))
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

    def test_past_question(self):
        """
        The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the past
        displays the question's text.
        """
        past_question = create_question(question_text='Past Question.', days=-5)
        url = reverse('polls:detail', args=(past_question.id,))
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertContains(response, past_question.question_text)

---

2-5. Web에서 확인해보기

현재 등록된 질문은 What'up? 하나이고, 새로운 질문을 등록했을 때 등록된 질문의 시간이 현재보다 미래의 시간으로 등록하면 화면에서 나타나지 않도록 위의 코드들을 수정해 왔습니다. 그 부분을 확인하도록 하겠습니다. 

 

좌 - polls 질문 목록 / 우 - admin사이트 상황

admin 사이트에서 현재 시간보다 좀 더 미래의 시간으로 질문을 등록해보겠습니다.

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ADD QUESTION을 클릭합니다 그러면 우측화면 Question text를 작성하고 Today와 Now를 눌러 시간을 설정한 뒤 시간에서 현재보다 나중 시간으로 수정하고 SAVE합니다.

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그러면 admin사이트에서는 분명 질문을 추가했는데 질문목록에서는 추가한 질문이 보이질 않습니다. 그렇다면 새로 등록한 질문의 시간을 현재시간과 동일하게 수정해보겠습니다.

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등록했던 질문을 클릭합니다. 그런 다음 시간에서 Now를 클릭해서 현재 시간으로 맞춰준 뒤 SAVE를 클릭합니다.

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추가한 질문이 질문목록에서 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있습니다.